У оквиру семинара Групе за гравитацију, честице и поља Института за физику у Београду, у петак, 29. априла 2022. године у 11 часова путем BigBlueButton платформе, Михаило Ђорђевић (Институт за физику у Београду), одржаће предавање:

Coleman-Mandula theorem

САЖЕТАК:

Coleman-Mandula theorem is a no-go theorem in theoretical physics. It states that space-time symmetries and internal symmetries cannot be combined in any but a trivial way. The main consequence of the theorem is impossibility of finding functional dependence between parameters of irreducible representations of the Poincare group (mass and spin), and parameters of irreducible representations of internal symmetry group (charge, color etc.). Finding a „loophole“ of the theorem would give a new insight into the relations between properties of elementary particles, and by doing that, it would also reduce the number of fundamental constants of the theory. In this seminar, we will give a precise formulation of the theorem, show its detailed proof based on very general physical assumptions and talk about possible ways of the generalization of the theorem and of „loopholing“ it.

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У оквиру дуплог семинара Центра за изучавање комплексних система Института за физику у Београду, у четвртак, 21. априла 2022. године у 14 часова путем Zoom платформе, др Марија Вранић (GoLP/Институт за плазму и нуклеарну фузију, Високи технички институт, Универзитет у Лисабону), одржаће предавање:

Sources of electrons, positrons, and gamma-rays from lasers within plasma channels

САЖЕТАК:

The recent rise in laser intensities accompanied by the ongoing construction of new laser facilities such as ELI, the Vulcan 10 PW, and APOLLON will place intensities above 10^23 W/cm^2 within reach. While propagating through a pre-formed plasma channel, a laser of such intensity allows for direct laser acceleration (DLA) of leptons in the radiation reaction dominated regime. The DLA scheme has already been demonstrated to provide high-charge electron beams (at a nC level) with moderate laser intensities  (10^20 W/cm^2). In this talk we will show what can be accomplished with near-future laser facilities. We find that increasing the laser power is bound to augment the charge content even further. The field structure formed due to electron beam loading allows for accelerating positrons. What is more, the interaction in the radiation dominated regime will provide a high flux of emitted photons, in hard x-ray and gamma-ray range. These photons can then be used as a seed for electron-positron pair creation, as well as a radiation source for applications.

Након тога др Томас Грисмајер (GoLP/Институт за плазму и нуклеарну фузију, Високи технички институт, Универзитет у Лисабону), одржаће предавање:

Electron-positron-photon cascades in ultrastrong electromagnetic fields

САЖЕТАК:

Electron-positron pair plasmas are tightly related to extreme astrophysical objects such as pulsar magnetospheres or gamma-ray bursts. Due to the inherent difficulties of studying these remote objects, it is desirable to study dense pair plasmas in the laboratory, both for fundamental purposes and astrophysical applications. The magnitude of the laser fields expected in the next generation of laboratories overlaps with the estimated fields of milliseconds pulsars. Producing pair plasmas in ultrastrong fields may demonstrate that we can mimic the conditions appropriate to these astrophysical environments in laboratories. The pair creation in such energy density environments is caused by the decay of gamma rays in intense fields. As pulsars efficiently convert the large-scale Poynting flux to gamma rays, the laboratory analog of a pulsar isexpected to efficiently convert optical laser light into gamma rays. This process usually leads to quantum electrodynamics (QED) cascades, as the pairs created re-emit hard photons that decay anew in pairs, eventually resulting in electron-positron-photon plasmas. In this talk we will present the QED cascades in the laboratory where the electromagnetic trap is comprised of colliding lasers, and in Pulsar magnetospheres.

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Meeting ID: 827 0093 8432
Passcode: 008340

У оквиру семинара Групе за гравитацију, честице и поља Института за физику у Београду, у петак, 15. априла 2022. године у 11 часова путем BigBlueButton платформе, Душан Ђорђевић (Физички факултет у Београду), одржаће предавање:

Noncommutative D=5 Chern-Simons Gravity: Kaluza-Klein Reduction and Chiral Gravitational Anomaly

САЖЕТАК:

Chern-Simons (CS) theory has greatly influenced physics and physicists during the past half-century. In this seminar, we will review some basic facts about Chern-Simons Lagrangians defined on some (2n-1)-dimensional manifold. We will then show how CS theory can be connected with gravity. Our focus will be on an SO(4,2) CS gravity in five dimensions and its connections with four-dimensional gravitation. Furthermore, we will analyse the noncommutative deformation of SO(4,2) CS gravity using the geometric Siberg-Witten map. This theory has a nontrivial first-order correction in \theta. By performing Kalutza-Klein dimensional reduction and suitable symmetry breaking, we obtain an effective, four-dimensional gravity theory that has Einstein-Hilbert action with (negative) cosmological constant as its classical (commutative) limit. We then proceed to analyse some concrete solutions of the field equations. We show that AdS space-time remains a solution after including the first-order corrections. On the other hand, AdS-Schwarzschild black hole solution develops a torsion that we explicitly compute. Moreover, we will see that this modified solution implies the existence of a chiral gravitational anomaly if one couples massless Dirac fermions to this NC background.

This seminar is based on arXiv:2203.05020

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У оквиру семинара Центра за изучавање комплексних система Института за физику у Београду, у четвртак, 14. априла 2022. године у 14 часова путем Zoom платформе, др Лук Радемакер (Департман за теоријску физику, Универзитет у Женеви), одржаће предавање:

Symmetry breaking and Chern insulators in twisted graphene structures

САЖЕТАК:

Twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) and variants like twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG) were proposed to be a platform for strongly correlated physics akin to the cuprate family. However, we will show that many of the observed interacting phenomena can be explained in terms of breaking of spin/valley symmetry. To do so, we will first describe how flat bands in tBG can be directly observed using ARPES [1]. An effective description of the flat bands is hampered by band renormalization due to charge transfer [2] and band topology. The combination of interactions and topology naturally leads to spin/valley symmetry breaking with a quantum anomalous Hall effect in tMBG [3]. In tBG in large magnetic fields, similar spin/valley symmetry breaking creates a series of Chern insulator states [4]. We will conclude with a brief discussion of the possibility of genuine strong correlations in Moiré structures.

[1] S. Lisi, X. Lu, T. Benschop, et al., Nature Phys. 17, 189 (2021).
[2] L. Rademaker, D. A. Abanin, P. Mellado, Phys. Rev. B 100, 205114 (2019).
[3] L. Rademaker, I. V. Protopopov, D. A. Abanin, Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033150 (2020).
[4] Y. Saito, J. Ge, L. Rademaker, et al., Nat. Phys. 17, 478 (2021).

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Meeting ID: 897 1269 4555
Passcode: 580212

У оквиру семинара Групе за гравитацију, честице и поља Института за физику у Београду, у петак, 01. априла 2022. године у 11 часова путем BigBlueButton платформе, др Бранислав Цветковић (Институт за физику у Београду), одржаће други део предавања:

Entropy in Poincaré gauge theory: Hamiltonian approach

САЖЕТАК:

Canonical generator G of local symmetries in Poincaré gauge theory is constructed as an integral over a spatial section Σ of spacetime. Its regularity (differentiability) on the phase space is ensured by adding a suitable surface term, an integral over the boundary of Σ at infinity, which represents the asymptotic canonical charge. For black hole solutions, Σ has two boundaries, one at infinity and the other at horizon. It is shown that the canonical charge at horizon defines entropy, whereas the regularity of G implies the first law of black hole thermodynamics.

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