У оквиру семинара Центра за изучавање комплексних система Института за физику у Београду, у четвртак, 05. маја 2022. године у 14 часова путем Zoom платформе, др Предраг Поповић (Институт за физику Земље у Паризу), одржаће предавање:

Critical percolation threshold controls Arctic sea ice melt pond evolution

САЖЕТАК:

Arctic sea ice covers a vast area of nearly 15 million square kilometers at its peak annual extent. However, in recent years, it has been rapidly disappearing at a rate underestimated by most climate models. A likely reason for this underestimate are processes on scales smaller than tens of kilometers, which the large-scale models cannot resolve. One such small-scale process that contributes to the disappearance of the Arctic ice are meter-sized melt ponds that form on the ice’s surface during summer and absorb significant amounts of solar radiation. During the summer, these ponds evolve in a complicated manner that we do not yet fully understand. In this talk, we will show how the critical point of a connectivity transition – the percolation threshold – controls the melt pond evolution. The ponds evolve by draining through large holes that open over the summer on the ice’s surface so that above the percolation threshold, they can drain easily, while below the threshold, their drainage is impaired. In this way, the percolation threshold is an approximate upper bound on the pond coverage fraction. In fact, in a manner typical for critical phenomena, pond drainage is universal. This universality enables us to write an equation for their evolution below the threshold that compares well with field and satellite observations over most of the summer. Our work, thus, might help resolve some of the uncertainty present in the large-scale climate models and help better predict the fate of the Arctic ice.

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Meeting ID: 845 0021 3601
Passcode: 019682

У оквиру семинара Групе за гравитацију, честице и поља Института за физику у Београду, у петак, 29. априла 2022. године у 11 часова путем BigBlueButton платформе, Михаило Ђорђевић (Институт за физику у Београду), одржаће предавање:

Coleman-Mandula theorem

САЖЕТАК:

Coleman-Mandula theorem is a no-go theorem in theoretical physics. It states that space-time symmetries and internal symmetries cannot be combined in any but a trivial way. The main consequence of the theorem is impossibility of finding functional dependence between parameters of irreducible representations of the Poincare group (mass and spin), and parameters of irreducible representations of internal symmetry group (charge, color etc.). Finding a „loophole“ of the theorem would give a new insight into the relations between properties of elementary particles, and by doing that, it would also reduce the number of fundamental constants of the theory. In this seminar, we will give a precise formulation of the theorem, show its detailed proof based on very general physical assumptions and talk about possible ways of the generalization of the theorem and of „loopholing“ it.

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У оквиру дуплог семинара Центра за изучавање комплексних система Института за физику у Београду, у четвртак, 21. априла 2022. године у 14 часова путем Zoom платформе, др Марија Вранић (GoLP/Институт за плазму и нуклеарну фузију, Високи технички институт, Универзитет у Лисабону), одржаће предавање:

Sources of electrons, positrons, and gamma-rays from lasers within plasma channels

САЖЕТАК:

The recent rise in laser intensities accompanied by the ongoing construction of new laser facilities such as ELI, the Vulcan 10 PW, and APOLLON will place intensities above 10^23 W/cm^2 within reach. While propagating through a pre-formed plasma channel, a laser of such intensity allows for direct laser acceleration (DLA) of leptons in the radiation reaction dominated regime. The DLA scheme has already been demonstrated to provide high-charge electron beams (at a nC level) with moderate laser intensities  (10^20 W/cm^2). In this talk we will show what can be accomplished with near-future laser facilities. We find that increasing the laser power is bound to augment the charge content even further. The field structure formed due to electron beam loading allows for accelerating positrons. What is more, the interaction in the radiation dominated regime will provide a high flux of emitted photons, in hard x-ray and gamma-ray range. These photons can then be used as a seed for electron-positron pair creation, as well as a radiation source for applications.

Након тога др Томас Грисмајер (GoLP/Институт за плазму и нуклеарну фузију, Високи технички институт, Универзитет у Лисабону), одржаће предавање:

Electron-positron-photon cascades in ultrastrong electromagnetic fields

САЖЕТАК:

Electron-positron pair plasmas are tightly related to extreme astrophysical objects such as pulsar magnetospheres or gamma-ray bursts. Due to the inherent difficulties of studying these remote objects, it is desirable to study dense pair plasmas in the laboratory, both for fundamental purposes and astrophysical applications. The magnitude of the laser fields expected in the next generation of laboratories overlaps with the estimated fields of milliseconds pulsars. Producing pair plasmas in ultrastrong fields may demonstrate that we can mimic the conditions appropriate to these astrophysical environments in laboratories. The pair creation in such energy density environments is caused by the decay of gamma rays in intense fields. As pulsars efficiently convert the large-scale Poynting flux to gamma rays, the laboratory analog of a pulsar isexpected to efficiently convert optical laser light into gamma rays. This process usually leads to quantum electrodynamics (QED) cascades, as the pairs created re-emit hard photons that decay anew in pairs, eventually resulting in electron-positron-photon plasmas. In this talk we will present the QED cascades in the laboratory where the electromagnetic trap is comprised of colliding lasers, and in Pulsar magnetospheres.

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Meeting ID: 827 0093 8432
Passcode: 008340

У оквиру семинара Групе за гравитацију, честице и поља Института за физику у Београду, у петак, 15. априла 2022. године у 11 часова путем BigBlueButton платформе, Душан Ђорђевић (Физички факултет у Београду), одржаће предавање:

Noncommutative D=5 Chern-Simons Gravity: Kaluza-Klein Reduction and Chiral Gravitational Anomaly

САЖЕТАК:

Chern-Simons (CS) theory has greatly influenced physics and physicists during the past half-century. In this seminar, we will review some basic facts about Chern-Simons Lagrangians defined on some (2n-1)-dimensional manifold. We will then show how CS theory can be connected with gravity. Our focus will be on an SO(4,2) CS gravity in five dimensions and its connections with four-dimensional gravitation. Furthermore, we will analyse the noncommutative deformation of SO(4,2) CS gravity using the geometric Siberg-Witten map. This theory has a nontrivial first-order correction in \theta. By performing Kalutza-Klein dimensional reduction and suitable symmetry breaking, we obtain an effective, four-dimensional gravity theory that has Einstein-Hilbert action with (negative) cosmological constant as its classical (commutative) limit. We then proceed to analyse some concrete solutions of the field equations. We show that AdS space-time remains a solution after including the first-order corrections. On the other hand, AdS-Schwarzschild black hole solution develops a torsion that we explicitly compute. Moreover, we will see that this modified solution implies the existence of a chiral gravitational anomaly if one couples massless Dirac fermions to this NC background.

This seminar is based on arXiv:2203.05020

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